Anthropos: Anthropos, 9.1914

Anthropos, 9.1914

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Zeitschrift

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschrift

Werks-URN (URL):: https://digi.evifa.de/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714789

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714789

Persistenter Identifier:: BV041701500

Titel:: Anthropos

Untertitel:: internationale Zeitschrift für Völker- u. Sprachenkunde

Weitere Titel:: Anthropos

Erscheinungsort:: Fribourg

Verlag:: Ed. St. Paul, Anthropos-Institut

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1906

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Wissensgebiet:: Sozial- und Kulturanthropologie > Allgemeines

Zeitschriftenband

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenband

Werks-URN (URL):: https://digi.evifa.de/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-709454

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-709454

Persistenter Identifier:: DE-11-001852171

Titel:: Anthropos, 9.1914

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1914

Signatur:: LA 1118-9

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Zeitschriftenheft

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenheft

Titel:: IX. Jahrgang 1914, 4. Heft

Sonstige Person:: Schmidt, W.

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Zeitschriftenartikel

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenartikel

Titel:: Notes on Fijian Totemism

Sonstige Person:: Hocart, A. M.

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Notes on Fijian Totemism. 737 Notes on Fijian Totemism. By A. M. Hocart. The word “totem” may be a convenient word, but is a dangerous one. A common name suggests a common origin. Call two beliefs totemism, and nine men out of ten will assume that the two are identical. The present paper will show that two beliefs, both deserving to be call ed totems, as the word is at present used, may subsist side by side and yet be opposite to one another in many of their features. Father de Marzan has supplied interesting information concerning to tems in Fiji. Dr. Rivers brought forward facts that prove the existence of totemism there. The two writers seem to confirm each other: yet when we examine the facts more closely we find that they have each been describing totally diffe rent beliefs. Dr. Rivers became acquainted only with the “spirit animal”, the manu - manu kalou of the High Fijians, manumanii yanitu of the Low Fijians 1 . These animals belong to one clan, or to the whole tribe 2 3 * * * . They are the vessels of spirits or ghosts. They may not be eaten by the clan or tribe to which they belong. They are omens in war. The tribe of Nanduna in Ovalau are so called after an eel, which, if I remember right, was their kalou . These spirit animals are found chiefly among the High Fijian coast tribes and to a certain extent among the Low Fijian coast tribes. They occur sporadically only among the hill tribes. They are also found in Rotuma under the name manman atua , and in Samoa 8 . Father de Marzan deals mainly with a class of animals, chiefly fishes and plants, which have nothing in common with the spirit of animals. They are limited to the Eastern Dholo tribes, who call them generally idhavu ni yadha , and to the Low Fijians who call them vutiyadha . For convenience sake I propose to use the term vutiyadha , in whatever part of Fiji they occur. I have found no trace of them in Rotuma or Samoa or Tonga. Among the Eastern Dholo tribes the vutiyadha generally belongs to the whole tribe or subtribe, either because the chiefs are more important and the tribe as a whole has adopted the vutiyadha of the chiefs; or because the population has encreased rapidly, turning clans into tribes. Among the Low Fijians each clan within a tribe generally has its vutiyadha . ' See “An Ethnographical sketch of Fiji”, to be published shortly. 2 Fijians call both matanggali. There is in fact no hard and fast line between them, as a clan encreasing in numbers constantly tends to become a tribe or subtribe, while its houses become clans. Sometimes they will speak of two intermarrying households within the clan as matanggali, yet the next moment deny that they are matanggali and assert that they are merely houses ( mbure ). Yet if you ask a High Fijian how many matanggali there are in his village he will understand something very definite by it. — I use the word clan whether these groups are exogamous or not. 3 Fuller information will be found in papers “On the Meaning of the Fijian word kalou” (Journ. Roy. Anthr. Inst., XLII, 1913, p. 43), “On the Meaning of the Rotuman word atua” and “On the meaning of the Samoa word aita” (the last still to come). Antliropos IX. 1914. 3

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