Zeitschrift für Ethnologie: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 110.1985

Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 110.1985

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Zeitschrift

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschrift

Werks-URN (URL):: https://digi.evifa.de/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714788

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714788

Persistenter Identifier:: BV035173706

Titel:: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie

Untertitel:: ZfE

ISSN:: 0044-2666

Erscheinungsort:: Berlin

Verlag:: Reimer

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1869

Lizenz:: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Wissensgebiet:: Sozial- und Kulturanthropologie > Allgemeines

Zeitschriftenband

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenband

Werks-URN (URL):: https://digi.evifa.de/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-712237

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-712237

Persistenter Identifier:: 1537977969531

Titel:: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 110.1985

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1985

Signatur:: LA 7600

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Zeitschriftenheft

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenheft

Titel:: Bd. 110, 1985, Heft 2

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

I. Abhandlungen und Vorträge Darwinism and Anthropology Von Horst Nachtigall Vf If i ; 1982 was the hundredth anniversary of Charles Darwin’s death. There were ierous publications about his theories of evolution, most of them certainly :n aspects of natural sciences whereas cultural sciences had hardly discussed thi theme, which plays a certain part in sociology as ’’Social Darwinism“. The modern evolutionism, arisen in the Age of Enlightenment and above all ounded on natural science, assumed a continuous and unfinished evolution dur ing earth’s history. This aspect of evolution was in principle acknowledged by Karl Marx; he didn’t want to change it, but the difference was that he considered evolution to be a certain process, but with a fixed final aim that he tried to hasten by revolutionary movements. Darwin’s theory of evolution led Marx and Engels to a conception of an alle ged dominating permanent ’’struggle for existence“. They transformed this per manent struggle for existence in nature into a permanent class-warf are in human society between the ’’underprivileged“ people and the ’’upper class“. On that ac count Karl Marx intended to accompany the first volume of his publication ”Das Kapital“ with a very flattering dedication to Charles Darwin, but Darwin asked him not to do so. The main problem of evolution is the change of species, the transition from one class into another. In cultural sciences the equivalent problem deals with the transition from one stage of culture to a completely other one, — for example the transition from the stage of hunters and gatherers to primitive agriculture or cattle-breeding or to the high cultures. In the natural sciences Darwin’s thesis is that any kind of change in classes in the developmental history of nature, from micro-organism up to man, is deter mined by three certain factors: 1. by mutation, 2. by the ecological environment, a nd 3. by organic or natural selection. The biological idea of class or species is defined as a class of creatures which can reproduce among themselves, but not with another class. This definition d oes not apply without qualification to cultural sciences. Any present living People belong to the same species. But a direct combination, for example of gatherers and high culture, does not seem to be possible. Biological mutations are accidental and desultory alterations of the genes or, more precisely, changes in the genetic information system. But mutation by

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