Anthropos: Anthropos, 93.1998

Anthropos, 93.1998

Bibliographische Daten

Zeitschrift

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschrift

Werks-URN (URL):: https://digi.evifa.de/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714820

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714820

Persistenter Identifier:: BV043334262

Titel:: Anthropos

Untertitel:: internationale Zeitschrift für Völker- u. Sprachenkunde

Erscheinungsort:: Fribourg

Verlag:: Ed. St. Paul

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1906

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Wissensgebiet:: Sozial- und Kulturanthropologie > Allgemeines

Zeitschriftenband

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenband

Werks-URN (URL):: https://digi.evifa.de/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-711897

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-711897

Persistenter Identifier:: 1515154324621

Titel:: Anthropos, 93.1998

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1998

Signatur:: LA 1118

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

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Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenheft

Titel:: Bd. 93, 1998, Heft 1-3

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

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Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenartikel

Titel:: Perilous Novelties. The A-mdo Tibetan klu-rol Festival in Gling-rgyal Village

Sonstige Person:: Dpal-ldan-bkra-shis; Stuart, Kevin

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Anthropos 93.1998: 31-53 Perilous Novelties The A-mdo Tibetan klu-rol Festival in Gling-rgyal Village Dpal-ldan-bkra-shis and Kevin Stuart Abstract. - Gling-rgyal Tibetan Village, Rma-lhoTibetan Au tonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, China is the site of a summer festival known as klu-rol (water deities entertainment). The purpose of the festival is to please mountain gods through the village’s two resident, male trance mediums. The mountain gods are beseeched to protect the village’s crops and livestock and exorcize evils from the villagers through villagers’ dances and sacrificial offerings. [China, Qinghai Province, Tibetans, China minorities, ritual, exorcism, trance mediums, shamans, mountain gods] Dpal-ldan-bkra-shis, a Tibetan native of Gling-rgyal Village (Smad-pa Township, Tongren Tibetan Autonomous County, Qinghai Province, PR China); B.A. (Tibetan Language and Literature), Northwest Nationalities Institute (1992), Lanzhou, Gansu Province. He is fluent in Tibetan, Chinese, and English, and presently works as an editor for the Tibetan section of The Qinghai Daily. Stuart, Kevin, B.S. (Oklahoma State University), M.S. (Uni versity of Missiouri-Columbia), Ph.D. (University of Hawaii- Manoa) is an ethnographer, folklorist, and teacher of English. Since 1984 he has lived in Inner Mongolia, Mongolia, and Qinghai. His numerous publications have focused on North China minorities as well as the Qinghai Han. 1. Introduction The klu-rol 1 festival in Gling-rgyal (Chinese: Langjia) Tibetan Village of Rma-lho 2 Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province is de scribed. Specifically, we describe the village where this klu-rol is done, folklore accounts related to the festival’s origins, trance mediums (lha-ba) who play a central festival role, the mountain god 3 altar (lab-tse) where important prefestival activity oc curs, mountain gods, water deities, and a detailed description, including certain dances and songs, of the festival itself. Klu-rol is held from the twentieth to the twenty-fourth day of the sixth Chinese lunar month 4 in Gling-rgyal Village. It is perceived to be a time of recreation, not only for local villages but also for mountain gods that loom large in local folk religious beliefs and rituals. During the festival, villagers delight the mountain gods and beseech two male villager trance mediums, who represent mountain gods while they are possessed, to bestow bumper harvests and protect their livestock from calamities. The lha-ba are thus responsible for exorcizing evils that are damaging to the villag ers. Other klu-rol festivals are held in numerous Reb-gong 5 Tibetan and several Monguor 6 villages between the fifteenth and the twenty-fifth of the same lunar month. The term klu-rol is best translated as “water-dei- ties-entertainment.” However, in certain Reb-gong villages, festivals are held that are not principally devoted to water deities. Sgo-dmar Village, for instance, observes a festival known as dmag-rtsed (soldier-play) and Btsan-mo and Sa-dkyil villages 1 The Wiley system of Tibetan romanization is employed. Klu-rol refers to the festival itself and the dancing that occurs during the festival period. Goldstein (1978) has been, at times, consulted for apt English renditions of the Tibetan. 2 Chinese: Huangnan. This prefecture consists of Tongren Tibetan Autonomous County, Rtse-khog (Zeku) Tibetan Autonomous County, Gcan-tsha (Jianzha) Tibetan Auton omous County, Sog-po (Henan) Mongolian Autonomous County, and Sngo-rgya-’gag (Lijiaxia) Administrative Area. 3 Gling-rgyal villagers venerate A-myes-lha-ri (White Moun tain God), A-myes-mag-pa, A-myes-khu-thog, Dmag-dpon- pi-tsi-ri-ling, Brag-dkar-lha, Rdo-rje-rmog-ri, Btsan-rgod- sna-dmar, and Mtsho-sman-so-ser mountain gods. 4 According to the Chinese lunar calendar. The sixth lunar month roughly corresponds to August of the Gregorian calendar. 5 Today, the Reb-gong area includes Tongren County, Rtse- khog County, and the south part of Thun-te (Tongde) Coun ty of Mtsho-lho Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Rong-bo (Longwu) was historically the political and religious center of Reb-gong, owing in large part to the presence of Rong-bo Lamasery. This has led to some confusion. Today, for example, Tongren County, which is home to Rong-bo Town (Tongren Town) where Rong-bo Lamasery is situated, is frequently referred to as Reb-gong. 6 Monguor villages in this area that celebrate festivals during this time period include Gnyan-thog (Nianduhu) and Sgo- dmar (Guomari). The Monguor are a non-Islamic Mongol- related people who numbered 190,000 in 1990. Recognized as one of China’s 56 officially recognized ethnic groups, they reside mainly in Qinghai Province.They were classified as the “Tu” nationality by the Chinese government in the 1950s.

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