Anthropos: Anthropos, 86.1991,1/6

Anthropos, 86.1991,1/6

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Strukturtyp:: Zeitschrift

Werks-URN (URL):: https://digi.evifa.de/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714820

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714820

Persistenter Identifier:: BV043334262

Titel:: Anthropos

Untertitel:: internationale Zeitschrift für Völker- u. Sprachenkunde

Erscheinungsort:: Fribourg

Verlag:: Ed. St. Paul

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1906

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Wissensgebiet:: Sozial- und Kulturanthropologie > Allgemeines

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Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenband

Werks-URN (URL):: https://digi.evifa.de/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-711879

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-711879

Persistenter Identifier:: 1513674362149

Titel:: Anthropos, 86.1991,1/6

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1991

Signatur:: LA 1118

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

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Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenheft

Titel:: Bd. 86, 1991, Heft 1-3

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

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Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenrezension

Titel:: Rezensionen

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Anthropos 86.1991 Rezensionen Adelberger, Jörg: Vom Sultanat zur Republik. Veränderungen in der Sozialorganisation der Für (Su dan). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1990. 246 pp., Fig., Tab., Ktn. (Studien zur Kulturkunde, 96) Preis: DM 58,- The social organization of the Fur, who currently may number some 700,000 people in the Western Su dan, has been documented by an unusually impressive ethnographic record, culminating in the anthropological work of Fredrik Barth and Gunnar Haaland and in the historical findings of Rex O’Fahey. Rural development plans for Sudan’s Western Savannah region have fur ther produced a body of, mainly quantitative, economic and ecological data which have benefitted from the participation of social anthropologists. Given such a well-ploughed field, this doctoral thesis sets out to relate the macrolevel economic and political transformations of the region, formerly subsumed under the distinctive Keira Sultanate, to the microlevel changes in Fur social organization. The enterprise is plausible, possible, and potentially rewarding. The study aims at combining the historical and ethnological record in order to research the articulation between local social organization and supralocal chang ing conditions. This articulation appears most clearly in the domain of the household, where monetization of the economy, labour-migration, and metropolitan cultural influences have come, by and large, to strengthen the dependency of women upon men. Far more intricate is the tracing of large-scale dynamics when it comes to the contending systems of the häküra, land granted to a holy man, and, predating it, the orre, a residential group claiming landrights by appeal to, ostensibly patrilineal, norms of descent. Adelberger uses hitherto unpublished archival data and interviewees’ recollections clearly to make two points: firstly, the orre system may have been styled, by informants or ethnographers, into a system of endogamous yet patrilineal descent groups; but appears, and seems to have functioned, as little more than a network of bilateral clusters of kinship and affinity, contingently validated by co-residence. Secondly, orre and häküra structures have overlaid, and interacted with, each other for at least two centuries. Both points are w ell-taken, and the author could have gone further in questioning the idea of “corporate groups” and further in validating individual strategies over group-orientated functions. The author’s meticulous scholarship allows him to assemble a wealth of painstaking documentation. Some of it is quarantained in elaborate appendices, since, methodologically, archival materials and oral “history” do not ever mix easily. Using both, the author makes it clear that the search for the articulation between macro- and micro-scale changes will not produce facile transitions, but contending layers of social organization that coexist at any one time. Individuals, groups and qua si-groups, one takes it, veer between these in pursuing their claims, and the ambiguity reigning between them may well afford actors their greatest asset in day-to-day disputes. Case studies of land acquisition, were they still available, might have illustrated the point. The author validates his study in a comparative vein. It is the first such body of data from one of the Sa vannah Belt sultanates, thus pursuing the social history of the Fur to serve as a model for further historical eth nographies of pre-nation states in that region. To pursue the point, more prominence would have to be granted, in future, to ecological change. More trenchant, it seems to me, is the study’s merit in giving a closely documented desavouement to descentist theories of pre-nation-state societies. In this, it accords with the reanalyses of other putatively “lineage”-based societies of the Sudan, with neighbouring ethnographies such as the Berti’s, and with theoretical reassessments of descentist approaches to pre-state societies. It lends renewed strength to these by pursuing a historical method in the course of ethnog raphy. Gerd Baumann Amborn, Hermann: Differenzierung und Integra tion. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zu Spezialisten und Handwerkern in südäthiopischen Agrargesellschaften. München: Trickster Verlag, 1990. 476 pp., Tab., Fig., Kt. (Notos Ethnologische Studien, 1) Preis: DM 110,- Zwar verweist der Spencersche Titel auf ein all gemeines Entwicklungsgesetz, doch was Amborn in der voluminösen Arbeit zu rekonstruieren versucht, könnte auch ein Sonderweg sein: Die arbeitsteilige Differenzie rung der Gesellschaft nicht in Richtung Klassenbildung, sondern zu einem komplementären Nebeneinander („In tegration“). Bauern und Handwerker sind aufeinander angewiesen und erkennen einander „ehr-fürchtig“ an.

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