Anthropos: Anthropos, 79.1984

Anthropos, 79.1984

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Werks-URN (URL):: https://digi.evifa.de/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714820

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714820

Persistenter Identifier:: BV043334262

Titel:: Anthropos

Erscheinungsort:: Fribourg

Verlag:: Ed. St. Paul

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1906

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Wissensgebiet:: Sozial- und Kulturanthropologie > Allgemeines

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Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenband

Werks-URN (URL):: https://digi.evifa.de/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-711819

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-711819

Persistenter Identifier:: 1512370864325

Titel:: Anthropos, 79.1984

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1984

Signatur:: LA 1118

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

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Titel:: Bd. 79, 1984, Heft 1-3

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

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Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenartikel

Titel:: The Mallāri/Khaṇḍobā Myth as Reflected in Folk Art and Ritual

Sonstige Person:: Sontheimer, Günther D.

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Anthropos 79. 1984: 155-170 The Mallari/Khandoba Myth as Reflected in Folk Art and Ritual Günther D. Sontheimer 1. Introduction The following study utilizes a variety of sources which are brought together in order to portray, in an integrated way, the nature of a cult on the Deccan (India) which is of considerable importance with respect to its spatial spread and historical antiquity. The cult is that of Malläri, popularly called Khandobä in Maharashtra, mainly Mailär (Mairäl) in Karnataka, and Mallanna in Andhra. Another name is Märtanda Bhairava, especially used with reference to the form Siva took when he fought the demon. For the sake of simplicity I shall use generally the name Khandobä. The emphasis here is on the reflection of the cult and the myth in folk art though I use other sources like oral literature, observed ritual performance and festivals (jatrds), and texts as well. Many published and unpublish ed manuscripts in Marathi of the Malläri/ Khandobä myth have been composed from the 17th to the 19th century, some of which I have used here. 1 1 have emphasized other aspects of the Giinther-Dietz Sontheimer, Ph. D. Prof. Graduated ln law at Tubingen (1958), obtained Ph. D. in Hindu law from the School of Oriental and African Studies, Univ. of London (1965). From 1966 onwards several stays in India for field research in folk religion, pastoral communities in the Deccan and the interdependence of folk religion and scrip tural religion. 1973-75 Head of the Branch of the South Asia Inst., Heidelberg Univ., in New Delhi, teaches now History °f Indian Religion, traditional Indian law, and Marathi language and literature at the South Asia Inst., Univ. of Heidelberg. Publications include: The Hindu Joint Family: Its Evolution as a Legal Institution, Delhi 1977; Birohd, Hhaskoha and Khandobä: Ursprung, Geschichte und Umwelt von pastoralen Gottheiten in Maharashtra, Wiesba den 1976; ed. (together with S. Settar): Memorial Stones. A Study of their Origin, Significance and Variety, Dharwad/ Delhi 1982. 1 The Nirnayasindhu by Kamalakarabhatta of the year 1612 refers to the Campasasthi festival on the 6th of the light cult in previous publications (Sontheimer 1976, 1978, 1982, 1983). 2. The Myth of Mallari The myth is, in short, the battle of Siva as Màrtanda Bhairava against the daily a Malia or the two daily as Mani and Malia. As familiar from the Purànas, the daily as had usurped the three worlds and were ruling over them, in this case from a city built on the Mountain Manicùl {M. V. 8.14), The extremely brave daily as or rdksasas set out to kill cows and Brahmans (M. V. 8.17) and became enemies of the gods (M. V. 11.60 : pratapa-sindhu nirjara dhvamsi). Indra, Visnu and the RsIs requested Siva to join and lead them. In the gigantic battle which ensued between the gods and the demons and their armies, Mani and Malia half of the month Mdrgasirsa as famous in Mahàràstra and cites the Mallàrl Mdhdtmya [M. M.J in the Brahmdnda- purdna (Nirnayasindhu Nirnayasàgara, Mumbai, 1949: 228 (cited by R. C. Dhere 1961: 8). - The Caturvargacintdmanni (1260-1271) of Hemàdri mentions the vrata of Kumar a (Skanda) on Campasasthi, but not Khandobà/Mallàri (Dhere 1961: 8). The M. M. was probably composed after that and before Siddhapil Kesari according to Dhere. The texts which have been used are: Èri Malldrimdhdtmya [M. M.J by Siddhapàl Kesari [compo sed in Marathi in 1585 according to Dhere], Mumbai [several editions]. Èri Martanda Vijaya [M. V.J by Gahgàdhara (R. C. Dhere [ed.]. Pune 1975 [composed in Marathi 1823]). Èri Malhdri Mdhdtmya by Sridharasvami Nàjharekar [M.M. È.] (R. C. Dhere [ed.]. Punem 1975 [Sridhara lived between 1580 and 1651.] Èri Mallari Mdhdtmya by Vinàyaka [M. M. Vi.] (Bombay? 1872 [composed in 1871]). Khanderdyaci Adi[Kh. A.] by Jagjivan (xerocopy of unpub lished ms. from Dhule, 18th century). Èri Mallari Mdhdtmya by Ràmdàs [M. M. Rdf, “Sadàsiva’s servant” (xerocopy of an unpublished ms. belonging to S. G. Joshi, Punem, composed in 1857).

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