Anthropos: Anthropos, 101.2006+Ind.1906-2005(CD-ROM)

Anthropos, 101.2006+Ind.1906-2005(CD-ROM)

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Zeitschrift

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschrift

Werks-URN (URL):: https://digi.evifa.de/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714820

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714820

Persistenter Identifier:: BV043334262

Titel:: Anthropos

Erscheinungsort:: Fribourg

Verlag:: Ed. St. Paul

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1906

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Wissensgebiet:: Sozial- und Kulturanthropologie > Allgemeines

Zeitschriftenband

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenband

Werks-URN (URL):: https://digi.evifa.de/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-711754

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-711754

Persistenter Identifier:: 1510223177592

Titel:: Anthropos, 101.2006+Ind.1906-2005(CD-ROM)

Erscheinungsjahr:: 2006

Signatur:: LA 1118

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Zeitschriftenheft

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenheft

Titel:: Bd. 101, 2006, Heft 2

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Zeitschriftenartikel

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenartikel

Titel:: Reply to Schröder

Sonstige Person:: Rabben, Linda

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

680 Reply Anthropos 101.2006 Reply to Schröder. - Peter Schroder’s review of my book, “Brazil’s Indians and the Onslaught of Civiliza tion,” is unfair, insulting, and wrong in so many ways that I cannot remain silent (Anthropos 101.2006:318- 319). First he accuses me of not consulting important specialists on the Kayapö such as Gustaaf Verswijver and William Fisher, whose names and works I cited in the book’s bibliography. He says I consulted “few sources,” but the 18-page bibliography lists hundreds of sources, so I can only conclude he didn’t read it. Taking single sentences out of context, he claims my chapter-long interpretations and analyses are “simplistic, schematic, and superficial.” I would use exactly those words to characterize his objections. He castigates me for “serious” factual errors but makes numerous errors himself. The Villas Boas broth ers did establish the Xingu Indigenous Park, as their book, “A Marcha para o Oeste” (listed in the bibliogra phy), and many other reliable sources have amply doc umented. Indeed, they are nationally and internationally renowned for this achievement. They set up the Xingu Park to protect 17 different indigenous groups, some of whom, such as the Panarä, the Villas Boas brothers resettled there under Brazilian government auspices. Despite what Mr. Schröder says, private individu als can effectively overturn indigenous demarcations by obtaining an injunction from a federal judge, even when the president has signed the demarcation order. According to Amnesty International, this is exactly what happened to the Guarani of Nanderu Marangatu, Mato Grosso do Sul, in December 2005, when federal po lice evicted them from their demarcated territory nine months after President Lula da Silva signed the demar cation. As of April 2006 the Guarani were still camped by the side of the highway, asking for international help to return to their land. I urge Mr. Schröder and other anthropologists to write to the Brazilian government about the plight of the Guarani and other endangered indigenous groups. (For more information and address es of Brazilian authorities, see Amnesty International’s Urgent Action Appeal 178/05 of 16 December 2005.) Unfortunately, demarcation does not guarantee ex clusive use and control of indigenous land to indigenous people. The Brazilian Constitution does not give them full control over products extracted from underground, such as gold, diamonds, and other minerals. That is why I used the word “preferential” to describe the legal extent of their land rights. Mr. Schröder should read articles about the complexities of demarcation law in “Povos Indigenas no Brasil, 1996-2000” (Ricardo 2000), also cited in my bibliography. But the sad fact is that where the rule of law is precarious, decrees and constitutional provisions have little positive effect on the difficult reality that Brazil’s indigenous peoples must confront every day. Some of Mr. Schroder’s more intemperate criticisms seem based on his misinterpretations of English lan guage usage. For example, he says, “Important spe cialists about the Xucuru and Pataxö Hä-Hä-Häe are ignored so that Rabben could declare that ‘a few years ago, they were said to be extinct’ ... On the contrary, the Xucuru never were declared extinct...” In English, “said” and “declared” do not always mean the same thing, and native speakers understand the difference between these two words. In this context, “said to be” means the Xucuru were reputed to be extinct, not that the government officially declared them extinct. I learned about the Northeastern indigenous groups by visiting and talking to them and by consulting Brazilian and other specialists (cited in the bibliography) who apparently do not agree with Mr. Schröder. There is plenty of room for debate on many issues in the book, and disagreement with his opinions does not mean that my interpretations or analyses are wrong. Mr. Schröder does not seem to understand that the statement, “The Xucuru people of Northeastern Brazil have come back from the dead,” is figurative, not “a kind of funny irony.” His imperfect command of English is also evident in various awkward phrases and sentences in the review, but I will refrain from embarrassing him by pointing out his linguistic errors. Thus, I am treating Mr. Schröder much more kindly, civilly, and collegially than he treated me. Finally, Mr. Schröder ends his review with a pa tronizing characterization of the book as a “good in troduction ... for laypersons and for some undergrad uate lessons” and slightingly calls my work bonitinho. (Brazilians might call his tone chato, grosso, or mal- educado.) The entire review is suffused with very unattractive academic snobbery. I purposely wrote the book for a broad audience of laypeople, students, scholars, and activists, and the first edition sold out as a result of being widely assigned to undergraduate and postgraduate courses in the United States and other countries. A young activist told me she had decided to work professionally on indigenous issues after reading “Brazil’s Indians and the Onslaught of Civilization.” To me, her response is much more significant than Mr. Schroder’s ill-considered diatribe. Might he be envious of the book’s success? Linda Rabben

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