Anthropos: Anthropos, 101.2006+Ind.1906-2005(CD-ROM)

Anthropos, 101.2006+Ind.1906-2005(CD-ROM)

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Strukturtyp:: Zeitschrift

Werks-URN (URL):: https://digi.evifa.de/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714820

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714820

Persistenter Identifier:: BV043334262

Titel:: Anthropos

Erscheinungsort:: Fribourg

Verlag:: Ed. St. Paul

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1906

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

Wissensgebiet:: Sozial- und Kulturanthropologie > Allgemeines

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Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenband

Werks-URN (URL):: https://digi.evifa.de/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-711754

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-711754

Persistenter Identifier:: 1510223177592

Titel:: Anthropos, 101.2006+Ind.1906-2005(CD-ROM)

Erscheinungsjahr:: 2006

Signatur:: LA 1118

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

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Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenheft

Titel:: Bd. 101, 2006, Heft 2

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

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Strukturtyp:: Zeitschriftenartikel

Titel:: [Berichte und Kommentare] Balkan Ghosts Revisited. Racism - Serbian Style

Sonstige Person:: Boskovic, Aleksandar

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften und Zeitungen > Zeitschriften zur Ethnologie

A nthropos 101.2006 Berichte und Kommentare Balkan Ghosts Revisited Racism - Serbian Style Aleksandar Boskovic Introduction: Where to Find “Race” in the “Nation” The issues of race and ethnicity are frequently in terconnected in the former communist countries of Europe, and countries of the former Yugoslavia are no exception. In this article, I focus on the issues of racism and xenophobia in Serbia, present through out its history and especially in the aftermath of the “Balkan wars” between 1991 and 1999, some of which have become surprisingly visible in recent years. Of course, the problem of racism has been present in anthropology for a very long time, from the early work of Franz Boas, who denounced evolutionary models in unambiguous terms, in the early twentieth century, to his students like Bene dict (1942), who provided a very good overview of what racism meant in the late 1930s. More recently, Zack (2001) pointed to important inconsistencies in the “Statement on Race” of the world’s largest professional anthropological association, the AAA. One of the veterans of writing about racism, Paul Gilroy (1998), a few years ago contributed to an ^portant discussion of the uneasy relationship be tween “race” and “nation” - a topic also covered by Loveman (1999), Cowlishaw (2000), and Ballinger (2004) in more specific contexts. Pamela Ballinger ln particular noted the use of racist epithets and terminology when dealing with what one would formally regard as “ethnic” differences (2004: 36), as well as that the use of these terms in the ar- e as around the Mediterranean and the former Yu goslavia have escaped the attention of anthropolo gists (I could add; social scientists as well) dealing ^ith issues of race and racism. In the Serbian (and former Yugoslav) context, sociologist Bozidar Jaksic organised several con ferences related to these issues in the late 1990s, and one of them specifically dealt with racism and xenophobia, with a number of contributions dealing with the events and incidents in Serbia (see the multilingual volume from this conference, Jaksic 1998). Therefore, I believe that using the term “racism” to deal with issues of extreme dis crimination in the present context is justified, de spite some possible objections by the “purists.” In relatively recent anthropological literature, Erik- sen (2002: 5-7) provides some important general observations about the difficulties of distinguish ing between “ethnicity,” “race,” and “nation.” For the possible junctures and divergences between the French ethnie and “race,” see de Heusch (2000). The Myth of the Shared Humanity One of the important issues that remain open is the (lack of) distinction between “race” and “racism” - so that there are, for example, numerous “State ments on Race,” but no “Statements on Racism.” Another one is related to what actually is meant by “race” - is it a concept, a heuristic device, or a methodological tool? (I should note that similar confusion reigns in the anthropological studies of ethnicity and nationalism.) Is it something that can not be studied, something that should be studied, or something that we must avoid at all cost? For the purposes of this discussion, I will limit myself to the materials from Serbia. In doing so, I take as an important point of reference Kuzma- nic’s (2002) comparative discussion of postsocial ism and racism. Kuzmanic emphasized the cul tural component, i.e., the fact that after the dra matic political changes in Europe in 1989 (the fall of communism), a particular matrix of thinking reemerged, something that he called “free-floating, cultural racism” (Kuzmanic 2002; 21). He contin ued:

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