202 
S. C. Malik 
Anthropos 60. 1965- 
its red silt, kankar and bands of marl and laminations). This phase is of an 
increasing dryness of climate, as the ime particles of silt and sands with calcari' 
ous (kankar) nodules mixed with clay indicate. The Narbada and Sabarmati 
yield fresh Acheulian tools and flakes. 
Phase V. 
Following the dry phase North Gujarat is culturally blank until the Late 
Stone Age microlithic industries are found on the post-Pleistocene dunes. But 
in the Bombay area, on the Godavari-Pravara sites and on the Narbada, a 
‘wet' phase is represented by an upper gravel of the second aggradation. The 
nature of the gravels differ at the sites, as for instance, it is a loose gravel at 
Bombay, cross-bedded gravel at Nevasa and on the Narbada it is a redeposited 
gravel. These deposits are less coarse and less rolled than the ones of phase III- 
This suggests that the humidity was relatively less than it was during the ‘wet 
phase of the first aggradation (III). In Gujarat the fine gravels are missing but 
are represented by a red-fossil-soil, for the formation of which the humidity 
required was much the same as it is today n . To this climatic phase belong 
the Middle Stone Age (M. S. A.) tools 11 12 but in the Narbada gravel are also found 
rolled Abbevillian-Acheulian and Late Soan tools, the latter probably being an 
early variant of the Middle Stone Age tools. 
Phase VI. 
The above ‘wet’ phase is once more followed by a dry phase represented 
by silt-clay in the Bombay area, yellowish brown silt at Nevasa, upper claV 
on the Narbada and in North Gujarat by the fluviatile sands that chang 6 
upwards into aeolin deposits, but in South Gujarat the aeolin nature of the 
sediments is missing 13 14 . In this climatic phase belongs Todd’s 14 ‘blade-and' 
burin’ horizon which is a continuation of his ‘flake-blade-scraper’ industry 
that was found at the base of the upper gravel (V). 
Phase VII. 
In Gujarat now, the last phase of the Pleistocene, follows the slightly 
damp phase indicated by the presence of the flat land surface which corre- 
sponds to the land surface in the Bombay area, fine sandy gravel III at Nevasa 
and the ‘basal-gravel and black cotton-soil’ group on the Narbada. All these 
11 F. E. Zeuner, Geologische Rundschau 51. 1956, pp. 242-253. 
12 For good climatic and typological interpretations see B. Allchin, J. Roy. A' 
Inst. 93. 1963, pp. 214; S. C. Malik, Stone Age Industries of the Bombay and Said' 1 ' 0 
Districts (Baroda 1959) and Current Anthropology 5. 1964, p. 204; B. Subbarao, T^ 1 
Personality of India. Baroda 1956, 2 1958; however, H. D. Sankalia (Science 146. 19бТ 
has not discussed at all the works of the former three writers. The Indian Middle Ston e 
Age has been in existence since, at least, 1955. 
13 F. E. Zeuner, Environment of Early Man with Special Reference to the Tropic 0, 
Regions. Baroda 1963. 
14 K. R. U. Todd, J. Roy. Anth. Inst. 69. 1939, pp. 257-272.